The History of Australia refers to the history of the area and people of the Commonwealth of Australia and its preceding Indigenous and colonial societies.Aboriginal Australians are believed to have first arrived on the Australian mainland by sea from Maritime Southeast Asia between 40,000 and 70,000 years ago. The artistic, musical and spiritual traditions they established are among the longest surviving such traditions in human history.
The first known landing in Australia by Europeans was by Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon in 1606. Twenty-nine other Dutch navigators explored the western and southern coasts in the 17th century, and dubbed the continent New Holland. Macassan trepangers visited Australia's northern coasts after 1720, possibly earlier. Other European explorers followed until, in 1770, Lieutenant James Cook charted the east coast of Australia for Great Britain and returned with accounts favouring colonisation at Botany Bay (now in Sydney), New South Wales.
A First Fleet of British ships arrived at Botany Bay in January 1788[1] to establish a penal colony. In the century that followed, the British established other colonies on the continent, and European explorers ventured into its interior. Indigenous Australians were greatly weakened and their numbers diminished by introduced diseases and conflict with the colonists during this period.
Gold rushes and agricultural industries brought prosperity. Autonomous Parliamentary democracies began to be established throughout the six British colonies from the mid-19th century. The colonies voted by referendum to unite in a federation in 1901, and modern Australia came into being. Australia fought on the side of Britain in the two world wars and became a long-standing ally of the United States when threatened by Imperial Japan during World War II. Trade with Asia increased and a post-war immigration program received more than 6.5 million migrants from every continent. Supported by immigration of people from more than 200 countries since the end of World War II, the population increased to more than 23 million by 2014, and sustains the world's 12th largest national economy.
Previously, all the applications to Australia went under the SVP framework, but from 1st July 2016, Australian Government has implemented the new Simplified Student Visa Framework (SSVF) to support Australia’s education services sector. These changes mean that the process of applying for a student visa is now simpler and more effective than ever before. According to the Australian Government, “The SSVF has been designed to make the process of applying for a student visa simpler to navigate for genuine students, deliver a more targeted approach to immigration integrity and reduce red tape for business”.
An international student on a student visa in Australia is allowed to work for maximum 20 hours per week while their studies are going on and unlimited hours of work are allowed while the course is not going on or during holidays. Students are required to pursue a consistent study program that has been approved by the Australian government. Student must maintain satisfactory attendance in their course as well. The eligibility criteria for a student visa under the SSVF are as follows:
1. To be qualified for this visa, students must have applied for, and been accepted to, study in a registered full-time course at an educational institution in Australia.
2. International students below the age of 18 must have organised suitable welfare arrangements for the duration of their stay in Australia.
3. A minimum IELTS score of 5.5; TOEFL score of 527 or PTE score of 42 is required for taking admission in any college in Australia.
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